Lexical-Semantic Classification of Neologisms in Media Discourse

: Neologisms enhance and enrich any language, but also provide challenges for us until the notions become known and understandable. A neologism dictionary can help us grasp and translate new terms accurately. If the text contains a neologism that is not defined in a dictionary, we must decide its meaning independently, taking into consideration the derived aspects of the provided word and depending on the context. This article describes and illustrates the meaning of neologisms in our language today, their structure and composition, and their lexical-semantic classifications in media discourse.


Introduction
The Uzbek language's lexicon is expanding on the basis of foreign sources.It is continually developing, particularly owing to the word-formation system, the creation of new word-formation models, and alterations to current ones.Language is constantly evolving to satisfy the communication and consolidation demands of modern civilisation (Codó, 2018;Erarslan, 2019;Rajasekaran, 2020;Schlieckmann, 2024;Whyte, 2022).As a result, the lexicon is constantly replenished as new lexical units develop.The study of neologisms, as a separate branch of Uzbek lexicology, is not fully formed as an independent branch, so there is a need to study new formations in the composition of neologisms; the lack of marking to indicate new vocabulary also affects their definition, particularly in media discourse (Niswa, 2023;Virgiawan, 2021).

Methodology
There is no language in the world that evolves only on the basis of its intrinsic capacities, without borrowing terms from other languages.It is only beneficial to refer to other sources when a new notion cannot be articulated using our own language's own capabilities.In works devoted to the study of ways and means of language composition, the https://edu.pubmedia.id/index.php/jpbiterm "neologism" is widely used, which has several meanings: a word that is actually new, first formed or borrowed from other languages; a word that was known before, but was used only outside the literary language; a word that has fallen out of active use, but at some stage has become widespread; and a derivative word that existed in the language potentially and was formed from long-existed word (Kotelova, 1979).Linguists also use other terms that still do not have a single accepted definition in linguistics.Among such terms we can distinguish the following: lexical innovation, potential word, neolexeme, novelty, individual-author neologism, semantic neologism, etc (Temnenko, 2023).Neologisms should be utilised properly in speech.When constructing them, it is vital to adhere to literary language requirements.Neologisms that break the euphony and beauty of speech do not fulfill the standards (Awadh, 2020;Hamdan, 2021;Kim, 2016;Li, 2021;Mattiello, 2016;Yang, 2016).Usually, they repeat previously known terms, which is superfluous.Neologisms representing a phrase can only be used in a context with irony or satire.
The formation of vocabulary occurs in two directions.On the one hand, the vocabulary is expanded by conveying historical changes and inventions that happened during the evolution of civilisation.When words are derived from other languages, new words are developed, new phrases, new expressions, and meaning modifications which all contribute to the language lexicon's expansion (Eskildsen, 2024;Oyewale, 2018).The lexicon will change regardless of the linguistic system.The method described above is closely tied to the linguistic system (grammar).Words that have derived the lexicon in a way that is not immediately connected to the linguistic system reflect the era and society in which they were produced.The expansion of vocabulary through the acquisition of a language is enhanced by making new neologisms more flawless and sonorous, i.e. relying on the derived language's rules (Copland, 2014;Hargreaves, 2021;Qiu, 2022;Uztosun, 2016;Wang, 2022).The term "own layer" refers to words from a certain language and their derivatives, as well as terms from other languages with their own affixes.It is not always possible to differentiate between native and assimilated vocabulary.When differentiating between them, we must consider the word's semantic, morphological, and phonetic properties.
Semantic signs: Most common Turkish words have multiple meanings.For example, the word "bosh" (head): 1) Odamning boshi (head of the human); 2) Ko'chaning boshi (the beginning of the street); 3) Ishning boshi (the beginning of work) Morphological signs: 1) Common Turkic words are found in all word groups of the modern Uzbek language; 2) Types and colors; 3) Stem and affix morphemes are free and standard: my eye, your eye, his eye; 4) Prefixes are not used in the word structure.They are vocabulary units that express new relations, new things and their signs, new events, concepts in everyday life.Such words are divided into two types according to their characteristics: 1. Lexical neologisms.
Semantic appropriation neologisms are words that already existed in the language and are now used in a new sense.For example, tuman (district), viloyat (oblast), dokon (magazin), anjuman (conference), etc.
Semantic neologisms, like lexical ones, help to expand the vocabulary of the language being studied (Shcherbakova, 2021;Vrioni, 2023).Typically, these are multi-component units.Despite the fact that they consist of seemingly familiar terms, translating them requires a thorough understanding of the context.In most situations, we assume that formal transformations apply to lexical neologisms, whereas transformations impacting meaning are successful in translating semantic lexical units.

Result and Discussion
It should be mentioned that, like in all other social domains, educators must deal with a slew of new neologisms and terminologies.They are reflected in the language, namely in the vocabulary, because it is well understood that the lexical system of a language is the most sensitive to changes in the realities and images of its carriers' worlds and new concepts emerged.New concepts are more internal capabilities of the language: a) borrowing words from dialects; b) occurs on the basis of using the opportunity to make new words.Sometimes new concepts are expressed by borrowing words from other languages.Such words are derived words.There is not a single language in the world that does not borrow words from other languages.The words "Kurash", "Yonbosh", "Chala" and "Halal" are being used in all the languages of the world, and our language is getting rich due to the words that express a number of new concepts that have entered our lives.The lexicon of the Uzbek language changes and develops due to the withdrawal of words expressing concepts that have become unnecessary for our life, and the entry of words expressing new concepts.The lexicon of the Uzbek language is richly developed on the basis of several sources and can be divided into two major groups: 1) based on their own internal capabilities; 2) on the basis of borrowing words from other languages.The first of them are internal sources, and the second are external sources.The opportunities for the enrichment of the Uzbek language in the first way are very wide.For example: the use of words that were used before and then went out of use to express new concepts: such as vazir (minister), hokim (governor), viloyat (region), shirkat (firm), noib (deputy), tuman (district); making new words using formative suffixes such as uyali telefon (mobile phone), omonatchi (depositor), bojxona (customs), auditchi (auditor), etc.; activation of dialectal (dialect) words: mengzamaq (Khorazm dialectal word) in the sense of "equalizing", "comparing".https://edu.pubmedia.id/index.php/jpbiHowever, Uzbek language is enriched based on the borrowed words which as are commonly used in the following: Premyera (Premiere) -(French word "premure" -the first) -the first public showing of a play, variety show, circus show, a new film Villa (villa)-(Lat.villa -enclosure, land) -a courtyard with a large garden outside the city.It was originally established in Italy (3rd century BC).
Server -a computer connected to the network, constantly working and performing various services of the network is called a server.
Android -a portable (system) operating system created on the Linux kernel, used in communicators, tablet computers, e-books, digital players, netbooks and smartphones.
CLICK -a mobile banking system for making payments for the services of mobile operators, Internet providers and other companies through a mobile phone; provides payment for purchases in traditional and online stores, transfer of funds from card to card and other opportunities.
Camifikatsiya (Gamification) -the use of common game approaches in computer games in non-game processes, which allows participants to increase their activity in solving practical problems, using products and services, and building customer loyalty.
Pandemiya (Pandemic) (Greek word, meaning "all people") -an unusually strong epidemic that spreads across countries, continents; the highest level of development of the epidemic process.A pandemic is the most dangerous form, that is, an epidemic that covers most of the world.Usually, a pandemic has a mass, general 261 character and means a disease that affects the entire population.
Koronavirus (Coronavirus) (lexical innovation)-the meanings are quite similar but the mail difference is that lexical innovation Super cold is used to explain that you are not Covid-19 positive but simply you cought serious cold (Uktamovna, 2023).
Spichrayter -(English word, speechwriter) -prepares the texts of speeches and lectures for high-ranking state officials, politicians, public figures or businessmen.A blogger is a person who maintains an online diary "blog" in which he regularly publishes new entries.Anyone can start a blog on the Internet and write about any topic.

Discussion
New words unquestionably improve the language's lexical compositions and validate the dynamics of language development.Neologisms only improve language; they make it more rich and useful for studying the phenomena of neologisms and the reasons for their emergence (Irgasheva, 2023).These days, speakers' requirements for communication are satisfied by new words.It is important to remember that not every neologism will eventually turn up in a dictionary since it takes time to track down instances of new words and phrases that are really being used.Neologisms are evidence of the speakers' expanding worldview, shifting desires and ambitions, and, of course, the new reality in which they have new ways of achieving their own goals.Systemic relations are impacted by any modification to the language's lexical content.A frequently used term takes on a new meaning, resulting in a new lexical innovation that breaks the language's systemicity and https://edu.pubmedia.id/index.php/jpbiallows it to adapt to changes.A paradigmatic relationship is one of the pillars of the lexicalsemantic system.

Conclusion
Analyzing the lexical-semantic classifications of neologisms in the media discourse into Uzbek language, it allows us to conclude that new formations are reflected in the Uzbek language, and neologisms are replaced by other words and are rapidly entering human speech.Neologisms can be generated not only by adding a new meaning to an existing term, but also by borrowing words from other languages, following existing rules, converting, or creating a complicated word.