Achievement and Goals in Private Music Learning: Pathways to Motivation and Musical Growth

Piter Sembiring; Tia Destiana Puri

doi:10.47134/jpn.v3i2.2235

Authors

Piter Sembiring Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Tia Destiana Puri Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/jpn.v3i2.2235

Keywords:

Achievement Orientation, Goal Setting, Motivation, Private Music Learning

Abstract

This study examines how achievement orientations, goal setting practices, and motivational factors shape students’ engagement and musical development in private music learning. Using a qualitative design, data were collected through observations and semi structured interviews with twelve students aged eight to seventeen studying various instruments in one-to-one lessons. The findings show that mastery and performance orientations emerge through structured tasks, diagnostic-based sequencing, and individualized guidance. Clear short term and long term goals enhanced students’ focus and supported consistent practice routines, while teacher support and joyful learning principles helped sustain motivation when students faced technical challenges. Motivational barriers generally stemmed from task difficulty, unmet expectations, or irregular home practice but were mitigated through gradual task breakdown and targeted instruction. The study concludes that aligning achievement orientations, structured goal setting, and motivational supports is essential for maintaining engagement and promoting continuous musical growth in private music education.

References

Ben-Amram, M., & Davidovitch, N. (2024). Novice Teachers and Mentor Teachers: From a Traditional Model to a Holistic Mentoring Model in the Postmodern Era. Education Sciences, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020143 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020143

Bogunović, B., Jovanović, O., Šimić, N., & Mutavdžin, D. (2023). Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Motivation and Solo Performance Among Students in Higher Music Education in Serbia. Psihologijske Teme, 32(1), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.32.1.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.32.1.6

Brown, E. D., Holochwost, S. J., Wolf, D. P., Allen, A. A., Garnett, M., Velazquez‐Martin, B., Varnell, S., & Malatesta, J. L. (2023). Music Education and Neurophysiological Regulation in Early Childhood: Should Teachers Guide or Get Out of the Way? Mind Brain and Education. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12370

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2022). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Pr2VEAAAQBAJ

Frumos, F., Leonte, R.-E., Candel, O., Ciochină-Carasevici, L., Ghiaţău, R., & Onu, C. (2024). The relationship between university students’ goal orientation and academic achievement. The mediating role of motivational components and the moderating role of achievement emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1296346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1296346

Hong, C. (2022). Entrepreneurship Education-Infiltrated Computer-Aided Instruction System for College Music Majors Using Convolutional Neural Network. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.900195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.900195

Hsu, Y.-H., Lee, T.-H., Chung, K.-P., & Tung, Y.-C. (2023). Determining the factors influencing the selection of post-acute care models by patients and their families: a qualitative content analysis. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1), 179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03889-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03889-z

Huang, M., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Design and Construction of a PBL Based Evaluation Index System for Classroom Music Education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Ijet), 16(17), 107. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i17.25649 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i17.25649

Hurriyati, D., Rosada, M., Tama, M. M. L., & Ramdhani, M. I. (2022). Metode Joyfull Learning Dapat Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Matematika Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar. SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 6(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v6i1.7205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v6i1.7205

Ikeda, K. (2022). How beliefs explain the effect of achievement goals on judgments of learning. Metacognition and Learning, 17, 499–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-022-09294-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-022-09294-y

JIN, Z., & WEBB, S. (2020). Incidental Vocabulary Learning Through Listening to Teacher Talk. The Modern Language Journal, 104(3), 550–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12661

Khairany, I., Chairunnisa, M., Arifin, M., & Artikel, I. (2024). Peran Strategi Pembelajaran dan Implementasinya Pada Era Digital. DIAJAR: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 3(1), 8–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54259/diajar.v3i1.2108

Manda, D. (2023). The Effect of Providing Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation on Student Learning Difficulties. Celebes Journal of Elementary Education, 1(2), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.31605/cjee.v1i2.3837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31605/cjee.v1i2.3837

Mawang, L. L., Kigen, E. M., & Mutweleli, S. M. (2020). Achievement goal motivation and cognitive strategies as predictors of musical creativity among secondary school music students. Psychology of Music, 48(3), 421–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618805837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735618805837

Miksza, P., & Brenner, B. (2022). A Descriptive Study of Intra-Individual Change in Advanced Violinists’ Music Practice. Update Applications of Research in Music Education, 41(3), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/87551233221090232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/87551233221090232

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=fjh2DwAAQBAJ

Min, T. (2020). Goal-oriented Teaching Method – The Way of Maintaining the Quality of Education for Both Online and F2F. International Journal for Infonomics, 13(2), 2013–2017. https://doi.org/10.20533/iji.1742.4712.2020.0208 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20533/iji.1742.4712.2020.0208

Sánchez-Cardona, I., Ortega-Maldonado, A., Salanova, M., & Martínez, I. (2021). Learning goal orientation and psychological capital among students: A pathway to academic satisfaction and performance. Psychology in the Schools. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22505

Scherrer, V., Preckel, F., Schmidt, I., & Elliot, A. (2020). Development of achievement goals and their relation to academic interest and achievement in adolescence: A review of the literature and two longitudinal studies. Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000898 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000898

Schippers, M., Morisano, D., Locke, E., Scheepers, A., Latham, G., & Jong, E. (2020). Writing about personal goals and plans regardless of goal type boosts academic performance. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101823 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101823

Sembiring, P., Maulana, M. R., Nurfalah, A. R., & Muqri, A. (2025). Goal-Oriented Learning in Private Music Education: Case Study on Piano, Keyboard, and Drums. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 5(2), 281–294. https://doi.org/10.62491/njpi.2025.v5i2-2

Sembiring, P., Maulana, M. R., & Surya, D. E. (2025). Strategi Pembelajaran Drum untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Gereja Jemaat Kristus Indonesia Bandung Raya. LEARNING: Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran. https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v5i2.4481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v5i2.4481

Sembiring, P., Sitanggang, I. A., & Hutapea, C. J. K. T. (2025). Pedagogical strategies for drum learning: A qualitative study on fun and discipline for elementary students. Journal of Research in Instructional, 5(2), 402–415. https://doi.org/10.30862/jri.v5i2.686 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30862/jri.v5i2.686

Sembiring, P., Sukmayadi, Y., & Gunara, S. (2025). Gradual Drum Curriculum For Elementary Students: Integrating Reading Notation and Performance Practice. Grenek Music Journal. https://doi.org/10.24114/grenek.v14i1.65622 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/grenek.v14i1.65622

Sides, J., & Cuevas, J. (2020). Effect of Goal Setting for Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Performance in Elementary Mathematics. International Journal of Instruction. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.1341a DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.1341a

Song, H., Barakova, E., Markopoulos, P., & Ham, J. (2021). Personalizing HRI in Musical Instrument Practicing: The Influence of Robot Roles on the Child’s Motivation. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.699524 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.699524

Suci, D. W. (2023). Penggunaan Seni Musik dalam Mendukung Perkembangan Kognitif dan Emosional Siswa SD. Jurnal Pelita Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(2), 49–52. https://doi.org/10.69688/jpip.v1i2.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.69688/jpip.v1i2.15

Valenzuela, R., Codina, N., & Pestana, J. V. (2020). Gender-Differences in Conservatoire Music Practice Maladjustment. PLoS ONE, 15(5), e0232711. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232711 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232711

Wilson, G. B., & MacDonald, R. A. R. (2019). The social impact of musical engagement for young adults with learning difficulties: A qualitative study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JUN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01300 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01300

Yu, J., Kreijkes, P., & Salmela‐Aro, K. (2023). Interconnected trajectories of achievement goals, academic achievement, and well-being: Insights from an expanded goal framework. Learning and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102384 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102384

Yu, S. (2023). Practical Music Training in Cultivating the Musical Creativity of Young Musicians. Migration Letters, 21(S1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21iS1.5937 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21iS1.5937

Zou, F., & Nasri, N. M. (2024). Increasing Students’ Intrinsic Motivation to Learn Music: The Teacher’s Voice in Cello Ensembles. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v13-i4/23782 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v13-i4/23782