The Role of Mental Focus in Enhancing The Strength of The Attacking Player
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47134/jpo.v3i3.2482Keywords:
focus, enhancing, strength, player, mentalAbstract
This paper was an investigation on the effectiveness of external attentional focus and guided imagery in improving the leg press strength and soccer-specific measures of an attacker on a simulated attacking player where Modeling 20 samples consisted of elite youth forwards/wingers who were aged 18-25 years and exposed to counterbalanced high versus low-focus tests in standard conditions high focus with external cues (drive through target) now coupled with 120-second kinesthetic imagery or low focus with no visualization. Key outcome measures were leg press strength (kg), power output (W), accuracy in the shot (percentage), sprint speed (km/h) and dribble success (percentage). The data was simulated with Monte Carlo (Python/NumPy) calibrated based on attentional focus meta-analyses (ES=0.58) producing a normally distributed measure: strength High M=85kg vs. Low M=75kg; power 450W vs. 400W. Significant improvements were established by paired t-tests by metrics (strength t=3.342, p=0.0034, d=1.18; power t=3.012, p=0.0072; accuracy t=4.244, p=0.0004; dribble t=6.465, p<0.0001). Mean improvement was 14.92% ( SD=4.36) or 8-50kg strength or 40-50W power gains. They were consistent in case of subgroup analysis (samples 1-10, 11-20) (all p<0.05). Focus variance was isolated by negative high-low correlations (-0.155 to -0.221). Results indicate that mental concentration results in medium-high impacts on attacking skills, equivalent to 0.25-0.5 goals/game possibilities. External attention maximizes motor programming of explosive actions supporting the constrained action hypothesis proposed by Wulf. Simulation scope limitations Limitations Future research needs to be physiologically validated (e.g., EMG, HRV). Findings recommend the consideration of short-term imagery fusion in soccer training, strength development without the conditioning aspect.
References
Anticevic, A., Cole, M. W., Murray, J. D., Corlett, P. R., Wang, X. J., & Krystal, J. H. (2012). The role of default network deactivation in cognition and disease. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 584–592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.10.008
Boksem, M. A., & Tops, M. (2008). Mental fatigue: Costs and benefits. Brain Research Reviews, 59, 125–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001
Chen, X., Ji, Z., Wang, Y., Xu, J., Wang, L., & Wang, H. (2023). Bibliometric analysis of the effects of mental fatigue on athletic performance from 2001 to 2021. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1019417. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019417
Cole, M. W., & Schneider, W. (2007). The cognitive control network: Integrated cortical regions with dissociable functions. NeuroImage, 37, 343–360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.071
Gergelyfi, M., Sanz-Arigita, E. J., Solopchuk, O., Dricot, L., Jacob, B., & Zenon, A. (2021). Mental fatigue correlates with depression of task-related network and augmented DMN activity but spares the reward circuit. NeuroImage, 243, 118532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118532
Helton, W. S., & Russell, P. N. (2011). Feature absence–presence and two theories of lapses of sustained attention. Psychologica Res, 75, 384–392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-010-0316-1
Helton, W. S., & Warm, J. S. (2008). Signal salience and the mindlessness theory of vigilance. Acta Psychologica, 129, 18–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.04.002
Herlambang, M. B., Taatgen, N. A., & Cnossen, F. (2019). The role of motivation as a factor in mental fatigue. Human Factors, 61, 1171–1185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819828569
Jacquet, T., Poulin-Charronnat, B., Bard, P., & Lepers, R. (2020). Persistence of mental fatigue on motor control. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 588253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588253
Janhofer, D. E., Lakhiani, C., & Song, D. H. (2019). Addressing surgeon fatigue: Current understanding and strategies for mitigation. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 144, 693e–699e. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000006075
Kurzban, R. (2010). Does the brain consume additional glucose during self-control tasks? Evolutionary Psychology, 8, 244–259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491000800208
Kurzban, R., Duckworth, A., Kable, J. W., & Myers, J. (2013). An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36, 661–679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12003196
Langner, R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2013). Sustaining attention to simple tasks: A meta-analytic review of the neural mechanisms of vigilant attention. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 870–900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030694
Mansouri, F. A., Tanaka, K., & Buckley, M. J. (2009). Conflict-induced behavioural adjustment: A clue to the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 141–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2538
Niendam, T. A., Laird, A. R., Ray, K. L., Dean, Y. M., Glahn, D. C., & Carter, C. S. (2012). Meta-analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 241–268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-011-0083-5
Pattyn, N., Neyt, X., Henderickx, D., & Soetens, E. (2008). Psychophysiological investigation of vigilance decrement: Boredom or cognitive fatigue? Physiology & Behavior, 93, 369–378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.09.016
Roelands, B., Kelly, V., Russell, S., & Habay, J. (2022). The physiological nature of mental fatigue: Current knowledge and future avenues for sport science. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17, 149–150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0524
Salihu, A. T., Hill, K. D., & Jaberzadeh, S. (2022). Neural mechanisms underlying state mental fatigue: A systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Reviews in Neuroscience, 33, 889–917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2022-0023
Selkoe, D. J. (1993). Physiological production of the beta-amyloid protein and the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease. Trends in Neuroscience, 16, 403–409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(93)90008-A
Sun, H., Soh, K. G., Roslan, S., Wazir, M. R. W. N., & Soh, K. L. (2021). Does mental fatigue affect skilled performance in athletes? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 16, e258307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258307
Utevsky, A. V., Smith, D. V., & Huettel, S. A. (2014). Precuneus is a functional core of the default-mode network. Journal of Neuroscience, 34, 932–940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4227-13.2014
Van Cutsem, J., Marcora, S., De Pauw, K., Bailey, S., Meeusen, R., & Roelands, B. (2017). The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 47, 1569–1588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0672-0
Veness, D., Patterson, S. D., Jeffries, O., & Waldron, M. (2017). The effects of mental fatigue on cricket-relevant performance among elite players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35, 2461–2467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1273540
Warm, J. S., Parasuraman, R., & Matthews, G. (2008). Vigilance requires hard mental work and is stressful. Human Factors, 50, 433–441. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1518/001872008X312152
Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M. J., Liao, Y., Thiyagarajan, M., O’Donnell, J., Christensen, D. J., Nicholson, C., Iliff, J. J., et al. (2013). Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the brain. Science, 342, 373–377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241224
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hussein Ali Abdyasir

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.



