Pemerolehan Bahasa: Perkembangan Bahasa dan Literasi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini

Dwi Ayu Sulistyorini; Umi Faizah

doi:10.47134/paud.v3i3.2594

Authors

Dwi Ayu Sulistyorini STPI Bina Insan Mulia Yogyakarta
Umi Faizah STPI Bina Insan Mulia Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47134/paud.v3i3.2594

Keywords:

Pemerolehan Bahasa, Literasi Dini, Perkembangan Bahasa

Abstract

Pemerolehan bahasa merupakan proses fundamental yang terjadi secara alamiah pada anak usia dini sejak lahir hingga usia enam tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif teori-teori utama pemerolehan bahasa, tahapan perkembangan bahasa anak usia dini, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pemerolehan bahasa, serta implikasinya bagi pembelajaran bahasa dan literasi di lembaga PAUD. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur sistematis (systematic literature review) dengan menganalisis 35 artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2020-2024 dari basis data ERIC, Google Scholar, dan Scopus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemerolehan bahasa anak usia dini dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara faktor biologis, kognitif, dan lingkungan sosial. Teori interaksionis yang mengintegrasikan pandangan nativis Chomsky dengan perspektif sosiokultural Vygotsky memberikan kerangka paling komprehensif untuk memahami proses ini. Temuan juga mengindikasikan bahwa stimulasi lingkungan yang kaya bahasa, interaksi responsif orang dewasa, dan program literasi dini yang terstruktur secara signifikan mendukung perkembangan kompetensi berbahasa anak. Implikasi praktis penelitian ini mencakup pentingnya menciptakan lingkungan kaya bahasa di lembaga PAUD, melatih guru dalam teknik scaffolding bahasa, dan mengintegrasikan pendekatan emergent literacy ke dalam kurikulum PAUD. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kebijakan dan praktik pendidikan bahasa anak usia dini yang berbasis bukti ilmiah.

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